Semantics and Theories of Semantics Essay Example for Free

Semantics and Theories of Semantics Essay Semantics is the investigation of significance in language. We realize that language is utilized to communicate implications which can be comprehended by others. Be that as it may, implications exist in our psyches and we can communicate what is in our brains through the spoken and composed types of language (just as through motions, activity and so forth ). The sound examples of language are learned at the degree of phonology and the association of words and sentences is learned at the degree of morphology and linguistic structure. These are thusly sorted out so that we can pass on important messages or get and get messages. ‘How is language sorted out so as to be significant? ’ This is the inquiry we pose and endeavor to reply at the degree of semantics. Semantics is that degree of etymological investigation where importance is examined. It is the most dynamic degree of semantic investigation, since we can't see or watch importance as we can watch and record sounds. Which means is connected near the human ability to think coherently and to comprehend. So when we attempt to break down importance, we are attempting to investigate our own ability to think and comprehend, our own capacity to make meaning. Semantics frets about ‘giving an orderly record of the idea of meaning’ (Leech). Challenges in the Study of Meaning The issue of ‘meaning’ is very troublesome, it is a result of its sturdiness that a few etymologists went on to the degree of barring semantics from etymology. A notable structuralist offered the surprising expression that ‘linguistic arrangement of a languagedoes exclude the semantics. The framework is dynamic, it is a flagging framework, and when we study semantics we are done examining language however the semantic framework related with language. The structralists were of the sentiment that it is just the type of language which can be examined, and not the theoretical capacities. Both these are confusions. As of late a genuine intrigue has been taken in the different issues of semantics. What's more, semantics is being considered by the language specialists as well as by savants, therapists, researchers, anthropologists and sociologists. Researchers have since quite a while ago pondered what words mean or what they speak to, or how they are identified with the real world. They have on occasion pondered whether words are more genuine than items, and they have endeavored to locate the fundamental implications of words. It might be fascinating to ask whether words do have basic significance. For instance, troubles may emerge in discovering the basic significance of the word table in water table, feasting table, table change, and the table of 9. A theoretical word like great makes much more issues. It's not possible for anyone to precisely determine what great truly means, and how a speaker of English ever figures out how to utilize the word accurately. So the fundamental trouble is to account realities about basic implications, various implications, and word conditions. The connotating utilization of words adds further inconveniences to any hypotheses about importance, especially their utilizations in representation and idyllic language. Most importantly is the issue : where does significance exist: in the speaker or the audience or in both, or in the unique circumstance or circumstance ? Words are when all is said in done helpful units to state meaning. Yet, words have implications by righteousness of their work in sentences, the majority of which contain more than single word. The importance of a sentence, however to a great extent reliant on the significance of its part words taken independently, is likewise influenced by prosodic highlights. The inquiry whether word might be semantically depicted or in confinement, is more a matter of degree than of a basic answer yes or no. It is difficult to portray meaning sufficiently some other path aside from by saying how words are regularly utilized as a major aspect of longer sentences and how these sentences are utilized. The implications of sentences and their parts are better managed in phonetics in turns of how they work than only as far as what they allude to. Words are devices; they become significant by the capacity they play out, the activity they do, the manner in which they are utilized in specific sentences. Notwithstanding reference and capacity, researchers have likewise appended import talkie to famous authentic contemplations, particularly historical background, while examining word-implications. Undobtedly the significance of any word is coolly the result of nonstop changes in its precursor implications or utilizes, and as a rule it is the aggregate result of ages of social history. Word references regularly manage this kind of data on the off chance that it is accessible, however in so ding they are going past the limits of synchronic articulation to the different semantic domain of authentic clarification. Various answers have been given to the inquiries identified with importance. Therapists have attempted to survey the accessibility of particular sorts of reactions to objects, to encounters, and to words themselves. Logicians have proposed an assortment of frameworks and speculations to represent the information that intrigue them. Correspondence researchers have created data hypothesis with the goal that they can utilize numerical models to clarify precisely what is unsurprising and what isn't unsurprising when messages are diverted through different sorts of correspondence systems. From approaches like these a perplexing cluster of originations of significance develops. Lexical and Grammatical Meaning When we talk about importance, we are discussing the capacity of individuals to comprehend each other when they talk. This capacity is somewhat associated with punctuation. Nobody could comprehend: cap one the however red green on purchased attempted Rameez. while Rameez took a stab at the red had however purchased the green one causes no challenges. However there are various sentences which are totally syntactic, yet inane. The most renowned model is Chomsky’s sentence â€Å"Colourless green thoughts rest furiously†. Comparative different models are: * The tree ate the elephant. * The pregnant lone ranger brought forth six young ladies tomorrow. * The table sniffled. In a sentence, for example, Did you comprehend the essentials of etymology? A language specialist needs to consider in any event two distinct sorts of importance: lexical significance and linguistic significance. Full words have an inherent significance. They allude to articles, activities and characteristics that can be distinguished in the outer world, for example, table, banana, rest, eat, red. Such words are said to have lexical importance. Void words have next to zero natural significance. They exist due to their syntactic capacity in the sentence. For instance, and is utilized to join things, or demonstrates elective, of some of the time shows ownership. These words have syntactic importance. Syntactic importance alludes fundamentally to the significance of linguistic things as did, which, ed. Syntactic importance may likewise cover thoughts, for example, ‘subject’ and ‘object’, sentence types as ’interrogative’, ‘imperative’ and so forth. In view of its unpredictability, syntactic significance is very hard to examine. Up 'til now, no hypothesis of semantics has had the option to deal with it stout. Be that as it may, the investigation of lexical things is increasingly reasonable. What is Meaning? Thinkers have thought about this inquiry for more than 2000 years. Their speculation starts from the subject of the connection among words and the items which words speak to. For instance, we may solicit: What is the significance of the word ‘cow’? One answer would be that it alludes to a creature who has certain properties, that recognize it from different creatures, who are called by different names. Where do these names originate from and for what reason does the word ‘cow’ mean just that specific creature and none other? A few scholars state that there is no basic association between the word ‘cow’ and the creature demonstrated by the word, however we have set up this association by show and along these lines it keeps on being so. Others would state that there are some basic characteristics of that creature which we see in our psyches and our idea of that creature is made for which we make a comparing word. As per this thought, there is a fundamental correspondence between the hints of words and their implications, e. g. , the word ‘buzz’ duplicates ‘the sound made by a bee’. It is straightforward this, yet not all that straightforward how ‘cow’ can mean’ a four-legged bovine’â€there is nothing in the sound of the word ‘cow’ to show that, (Children regularly develop words that outline the correspondence among sound and significance: they may call a dairy animals ‘moo-moo’ in light of the fact that they hear it making that sort of sound. ) The above thought that words in a language relate to or represent the genuine items on the planet is found in Plato’s exchange CratyIus. In any case, it applies just to certain words and not to other people, for instance, words that don't allude to objects, e. g. ‘love’, ‘hate’. This reality offers ascend to the view held by later masterminds, that the significance of a word isn't the item it alludes to, however the idea of the article that exists in the psyche. In addition, as de Saussure brought up, the connection between the word (signifier) and the idea (meant) is a subjective one, for example the word doesn't look like the idea. Likewise, when we attempt to characterize the importance of a word we do as such by utilizing different words. Along these lines, on the off chance that We attempt to clarify the significance of ‘table’ we have to utilize different words, for example, ‘four’, ‘legs’, and ‘wood’ and these words thusly can be clarified uniquely by methods for different words. In their book, The Meaning of Meaning, L. K. Ogden and I. A. Richards made an endeavor to characterize meaning. At the point when we utilize the word ‘mean’, we use it in various ways. ‘I intend to do this’ is a method of communicating our aim. ‘The red sign methods stop’

Humanities Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Humanities - Essay Example These conditions and destitution levels introduced difficulties that required improved laws and law framework. Therefore, the authorities’ accentuated on laws, prompting amendment and consolidation of new provisions in the current laws. The equity framework keeps on affecting laws and school of considerations. Old Greek during this time was set apart with expanded philosophical and clinical examinations that prompted political, instruction and social changes (Covert 44). Notwithstanding, it is important to decide the components that prompted human progress. One needs to decide if topography and Greek are capable. It is likewise important to contrast Greek progress and Eastern human progress and decide its predominance. Greek human progress, noted as Ancient Greece is a period extending from eighth century B.C to 600AD. It succeeds the Dark Ages of Greek that was a period set apart with conventional thoughts and confused practices. The Greek human progress succeeds beginning in a period called old period and finishes with end of days of yore period. The start of the human progress includes the impact of five societies that helped shape Greece to its to a great extent embraced culture. These societies incorporate Egyptian, Assyrian, Syro-Hittite and Phoenicians (Solway 3) During the beginning of the development time frame, a few changes started happening that made the period stand apart from past minor human advancements. Instituting of the Greek letters in order from Phoenician contents is one of the primary changes. This happened in the ancient time frame prompting development of composed records. Water bodies describe the topographical structure of Greek. Moreover, precipitous structures separate all neighboring network states. The coin rose during this period that tested the overseeing noble systems on the grounds that the recently discovered exchanging strategies prompted the ascent of a commercial gathering that wound up wanting political force. This denotes the time of cultural administration change to vote based system (Solway 23). The populace developed in this period causing deficiency of land and an extending hole between poor people and rich. During this contention, a social change happened when Spartans guys needed to join the military whether one is a tip top, rich or humble foundation. This is a period damaged with common wars. For instance, Athens experienced land issues and rural second thoughts that prompted common war. Law turned into the main arrangement in countering the contentions. Introductory endeavor at settling the contention flopped yet later prevailing after Solon changes effectively settled capacity to the nobility and improved the predicament of poor people. This portrays the improvement of social structures, specialists and their day of work with the evolving financial, political, and instructive viewpoints (Covert 3). Expanded populace development prompted relocation and settlement into different zone s that later would be all in all alluded to as Greece. The movements extended the social practices and etymological styles of the Ancient Greek. This further encouraged economy development and reception of the coin inside the first states and abroad to the recently vanquished provinces. Upgrades got clear in the people’s ways of life (Solway 34) The topographical standpoint of the Greece domain was hilly with various valleys and fields. Therefore, various little networks lived independently, each with its own language, social practices and character. This brought about a bigger network with different practices.

Symptoms of Eating Disorders

Symptoms of Eating Disorders Eating Disorders Symptoms Print Symptoms of Eating Disorders By Susan Cowden, MS facebook linkedin Susan Cowden is a licensed marriage and family therapist and a member of the Academy for Eating Disorders. Learn about our editorial policy Susan Cowden, MS Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 02, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on March 26, 2018 Quiet Noise Creative/DigitalVision/Getty More in Eating Disorders Symptoms Treatment Diagnosis Awareness and Prevention Most people have struggled with how they look at one time or another, and it is common for people to talk about dieting and exercise. Eating disorders cross a line into dangerous territory as they arent simply an attempt to lose five pounds or tone up at the gym. They are serious, and it is important to recognize the symptoms in order to support sufferers getting the help that they need.?? Signs of Someone Who May Have an Eating Disorder   Do you believe that someone you love might have an eating disorder? Have you been struggling with thoughts about your own weight and/or food? See below for an overview of symptoms that might indicate an eating disorder.?? 1. Recent Weight ChangesPeople with eating disorders are often underweight but may be overweight as well. Rapid and significant weight changes can be a warning sign. It is important to remember that some people with eating disorders are also of normal weight. 2. Fear of Weight Gain/Body Image ProblemsPeople with eating disorders may have an intense fear of gaining weight, even when actually underweight. They may also truly believe that they are overweight when they are not. Problems with body image can prevent sufferers from participating in activities they would normally enjoy. 3. Secretive BehaviorsGuilt and shame can cause a person to eat in secret or hide large amounts of food. Loved ones may notice the person leaving the table immediately after meals or find hidden stashes of food. Sometimes people with eating disorders will also attempt to hide weight changes by wearing large and baggy clothing. 4. Low Self-EsteemA persons self-image or self-esteem may be dependent on outward appearance, including body shape and weight. They may also be overly critical of themselves in other areas as well. 5. Making Oneself SickSelf-induced vomiting or other forms of purging after meals or after binging is a sign of an eating disorder. Loved ones may notice that the person always goes to the bathroom after meals or may find evidence of excessive laxative/diuretic use, such as the packaging of pills. 6. Excessive ExerciseWhile exercise can be a wonderful thing, sometimes people with eating disorders become so obsessed with exercise that it becomes a problem in their life. Examples of this would be an insistence upon exercising at times when it is inappropriate, such as going for a run in inclement weather, or not being able to participate in regular activities because the person must exercise. 7. Preoccupation With FoodThoughts about food and nutrition can take up most of a persons thoughts and time when they have an eating disorder. These thoughts may include counting calories or fat grams, or dividing types of food into good and bad categories. Some sufferers may exhibit a complete refusal to eat, while others may eat much more than the average person in one sitting. 8. Health ProblemsEating disorders cause many different health problems among sufferers. These may include but are not limited to, hair loss, bruising, amenorrhea (in women, their period may stop), electrolyte imbalances, osteoporosis, low blood pressure, dehydration, esophageal tears, and cardiac problems. Eventually, physical problems related to eating disorders can lead to death.?? If you, or anyone you know, are experiencing such symptoms, it is important to be evaluated by a medical doctor. If you begin noticing these symptoms in someone you know, it is important to talk with them to express your concerns and encourage them to seek help from a professional, such as a therapist, dietician or physician. Set aside time to talk about it, communicate your support, and avoid placing blame or shaming the person. Symptoms of Eating Disorders

Has the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 Been Successful

In every school in the United States has students that fall behind in classes or don’t get proper education for them to be taught effectively. The No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 was created to push students of all grade levels to keep up in their classes, homework and grades so they could become an idol citizen to society. Even though this act is supposed to keep students on the same page as others, research shows that isn’t the case; that students Adequate Yearly Progress (AYP) test scores are going down. The United States’ push of reaching state standards for public school systems has brought to attention that if these standards are not reached, teachers and school faculty will take the infliction. â€Å"The No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 wasn’t signed into law by President Bush until Jan. 8, 2002, was reauthorization of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act, the central federal law in pre-collegiate education† (No Child 1). Since 196 5, the Elementary and Secondary Education Act was established and made the ‘Title I’ programs in schools to aid students who needed extra help on a day to day basis. When the act needed to be reauthorized for 2001, they changed the name of the act to â€Å"No Child Left Behind† or NCLB (No Child 1-2). Annual testing shows the federal governments if every student in every public school nation wide are meeting their state’s standards in mathematics and reading. During 2008-2009, NCLB required science testing due to the sudden spike ofShow MoreRelated Parental Involvement Benefits Elementary School Childrens Essay1441 Words   |  6 PagesInvolvement Benefits Elementary School Childrens Parental involvement has many positive effects on both child and parent. 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Because teacher and student accountability is based on these tests, it is important that they measure what they are supposed to measure. Tests should be carefully built and implemented for specific purposes. The board of education should not consider the results of only one test to determine whether or not a student has achieved mastery of the standards. Tests also should be

The Effects Of Interpersonal Trauma And Disruption Of...

Developmental Trauma or Developmental Psychopathology researched by Maughan Cicchetti (2002) report on the consequences of interpersonal trauma and disruption of caregiving systems on the development of affect regulation, attention, cognition, perception, and interpersonal relationships. Åžar (2014: 171-179) states that research into patients with dissociatve disorders report the highest prevalance of childhood abuse and/or neglect of all mental health disorders and asserts that dissociation can result from deep-rooted developmental stress. This project will concentrate on the links in developmental trauma with the forming of dissociative traits and discuss whether dissociation is essentially related to the developing self. An in depth look at what is developmental trauma and the aetiology of dissociation will be covered. Using clinical examples, the implications for clinical practice in child psychotherapy will be considered. There is not scope here to look at each dissociati ve phenomena in great depth so this project will concentrate on dissociation as a whole. Developmental Trauma, the Key Aspects Trauma or traumata as described in Rycroft (1995) ‘are experiences which disrupt or pervert development.’ They define it as ‘any unexpected experience which the subject is unable to assimilate.’ Developmental, or as it is sometimes called, complex trauma, is concerned with a child’s prolonged exposure to traumatic events such as, neglect, abuse, abandonment, violence andShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Childhood Sexual Abuse On Children2825 Words   |  12 Pagestraumatic experience that can have many unfortunate consequences on a child’s development and successful long-term functioning. The initial effects of abuse commonly reported by children include feelings of fear, shame, anger, rejection, hopelessness, and a perceived sense of worthlessness. However, many of these initial effects only increase over time and continue plaguing victims into adulthood. Adults experiencing long term effects of childhood sexual abuse report high frequencies o f anxiety attacks,Read MoreAdolescent Cognitive Development After Trauma4747 Words   |  19 PagesAdolescent Cognitive Development After Trauma Raquel A. Figueroa Liberty University COUN 620-B02 Abstract In a generation of hopelessness, adolescents seek a purpose for their existence. They seek refugee from violence, abuse and maltreatment. The overwhelming pressure opens the door for instant gratification in drugs, alcohol, sexual activity, and fail to make appropriate adjustments in compromising circumstances. There is a correlation between traumatic experiences and adolescentRead MoreAttachment Theory, Biological Influences5410 Words   |  22 PagesThe issue of attachment is one that influences an individual throughout their life, affecting many aspects of their development. It is first formed during infancy between the child and their primary care giver and is maintained over the course of their lifespan. The level of attachment that is formed during infancy creates a foundation for psychological development in the course of the individual’s life (Santrock, 2013). Attachment security can be an indication of the quality of an individual’s future

Heineken in Cambodia Free Essays

Heineken Overview of controversial business practices in 2008 Sanne van der Wal Rob Bleijerveld April 2009 Heineken Overview of controversial business practices in 2008 Sanne van der Wal Rob Bleijerveld Amsterdam, April 2009 Heineken Overview of controversial business practices in 2008 Colophon Heineken Overview of controversial business practices in 2008 April 2009 By: Sanne van der Wal Rob Bleijerveld Cover Design: Annelies Vlasblom Funding This publication is made possible with co-funding from the Vereniging van Beleggers voor Duurzame Ontwikkeling (VBDO) Published by Stichting Onderzoek Multinationale Ondernemingen Centre for Research on Multinational Corporations Sarphatistraat 30 1018 GL Amsterdam The Netherlands Phone: + 31 (20) 6391291 E-mail: info@somo. nl Website: Hwww. somo. We will write a custom essay sample on Heineken in Cambodia or any similar topic only for you Order Now nl This document is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivateWorks 2. 5 License. 1 Introduction This company report has been prepared by SOMO (Centre for Research on Multinational Corporations). It provides an overview of business practices that could be regarded as unsustainable or irresponsible which occurred (or might have been addressed) in 2008. The overview below describes only controversial practices and not the positive achievements of a company in the same year. Information on positive achievements can usually be found in a company’s annual and/or sustainability report and on the company’s website. The purpose of this report is to provide additional information to shareholders and other stakeholders of a company on controversies that might or might not be detected and reported by the company itself. This report does not contain an analysis of a company’s corporate responsibility policies, operational aspects of corporate responsibility management, implementation systems, reporting and transparency, or total performance on any issue. For some controversies, it is indicated which standards or policies may have been violated and a brief analysis is presented. Apart from this, the report is mainly descriptive. The range of sustainability and corporate responsibility issues eligible for inclusion in this overview is relatively broad and mainly based on the OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises. These Guidelines are used as a general frame of reference in addition to the company-specific standards. Sources of information are mentioned in footnotes throughout the report. The main sources were obtained through SOMO’s global network of civil society organisations, including reports, other documents, and unpublished information. Media and company information databases and information available via the Internet are used as secondary sources where necessary. Heineken has been informed about the research project in advance and was given two weeks to review the report and provide corrections of any factual errors in the draft version. The overview of controversial practices in this report is not intended to be exhaustive. Instead, it focuses on a limited number of issues and cases that might merit further attention or reflection. Where information about the latest developments, either positive or negative, was unavailable, it is possible that situations described in the overview have recently changed. Taking into account these limitations, SOMO believes that the report can be used for improvement and for a more informed assessment of a company’s corporate responsibility performance. For more information, please contact SOMO: SOMO (Centre for Research on Multinational Corporations) Sarphatistraat 30, 1018 GL Amsterdam, The Netherlands Tel. 31 (0)20 6391291 Fax +31 (0)20 6391391 e-mail: info@somo. nl website: www. somo. nl 2 Heineken Overview of controversial business practices in 2008 Precarious working conditions of Heineken Beer sellers in Cambodia This short overview deals with only one issue: the continuing bad labour and health conditions of socalled ‘beer sellers’ in Cambodia, salaried women who wear distinctive Heineken uniforms while exclusively selling Heineken beer in bars and res taurants, alongside those working for its partly owned partner brands (e. . , Tiger, ABC, etc†¦), and for competitors. The work conditions of these women, who are hired by most of the international brewers and their distributors operating in Cambodia 1 , have been criticised for several years, by the Cambodian NGO (Non-Governmental Organisation ) Siem Reap Citizens for Health, Educational and Social Issues (SiRCHESI) 2 . In 2002 the CEO and the Boards of both Heineken Breweries Ltd and Heineken Holding N. V. from here: Heineken) were first notified by SiRCHESI of concerns about the health and welfare of their beer sellers, who continued, in 2008, to be at high risk for HIV/AIDS and alcohol- related health problems, who experience sexual harassment and violence at their workplaces, and who are not paid a ‘living wage’- a salary for a full-time job on which they can support themselves and their family dependents. Press reports going back to 1998, and particularly a story in the Wall Street Journal (2000) had already clearly described the problems before social scientists began systematic d ata collection. Also SOMO’s overview of controversial business practices of Heineken during 2006 for VBDO of April 2007 has called attention to this critical issue. 4 Recent inquiries and research in Cambodia –as part of a longitudinal study (2004-2009) 5 – reconfirm that these bad labour and health conditions still exist. Heineken – and other brands, with whom they both compete and co-operate – have not made significant progress in 2007, nor in 2008 to reduce the high risks to the health and safety of the women beer-sellers in Cambodia nor meet their monthly financial needs. So far, industry efforts to resolve these issues – through the formation in late 2006 of â€Å"Beer Selling Industry Cambodia† as a professional brewers association with a code of conduct (COC) for beer sellers – have failed. 1 2 3 4 5 See e. g. â€Å"Heineken en promotiemeisjes in Cambodja – deel A,† R. Feilzer and F. P. van der Putten (p. 85-96) and F. P. van der Putten, â€Å" – deel B† (p. 109-13), in: Bedrijfsgevallen, Eds. W Dubbink and H. van Luijk (Assen: Van Gorcum, 2006). SiRCHESI website, . and ,, and . SiRCHESI’s website http://www. fairtradebeer. com press reports section. Heineken – Overview of controversial business practices in 2006,† Francis Weyzig (SOMO), April 2007 Performed by Staff, volunteers ,researchers and students located in Siem Reap with SiRCHESI, or at Siem Reap Provincial AIDS Office, of University of Guelph (CA), National Center in HIV Social Research (University of New South Wales, AU ), Macquarie University (Sydney, AU), University of Melbourne (AU), Australia Volunteers International, Duke University (North Carolina, US), Oxford University (Oxford, UK), University of Technology Sydney (AU), as welll as University of Maastricht, NL, National University of Singapore, and Staffordshire University (UK). Data and analyses were provided through Ian Lubek, international advisor to SiRCHESI. The SIRCHESI interviews with beer sellers were conducted either in the workplaces or during health workshops. 213 interviews were conducted from 2004-6, and 324 from 2007-9. 22 beer sellers worked for Heineken and partner brands, 57 worked for Carlsberg brands such as Angkor; 56 sold AB-INBEV brands, 1 sold a SAB-Miller brand, and the remaining 201 sold other brands including Dutch brands Bavaria, Hollandia, as well as Corona, San Miguel, Singha, Oettinger, Asahi, etc. 3 Below, some controversial aspects of the situation in 2008, revealed by SiRCHESI, are described. More background data can be found on the SiRCHESI website dedicated to this issue www. ethicalbeer. com. On the same website more new details on the longitudinal study, including data for 2008-9, are published by SiRCHESI 6 as well. Low income and transparency As in 2006, SiRCHESI research 7 confirms that Heineken is not paying a â€Å" living wage† in 2008. If Heineken and its Asia Pacific Breweries partner brands (Tiger, ABC, Anchor, Cheers,etc. paid their beer sellers the current industry standard (2008) of just over 8 US dollar per beer case as commission, they would earn – based on SiRCHESI’s observations of sales of more than 3 cases per night – about 700 US dollars per month which amounts to about 10 times the current fixed salary. BSIC brand sellers are consistently paid less each month than non-BSIC brands yet increasingly sell manifold more beer each year 8 . In fact workers get less than 2. 5 percent of the sale, and face severe nightly workplace health and safety risks. Part of this profitability for Heineken is based on the sellers’ own nightly consumption of about 6 percent of sales, which adds harm and risk to their working situation. For a number of years, Heineken officials reported paying bonuses to the beer servers, yet SiRCHESI interviews showed that from 2002 onwards these were not being received by the beer sellers. In fact in 2008 they reported receiving monthly earnings of 71 US dollars which is considerably lower than the 84 US dollars reported by non-BSIC sellers and the 85 US dollars Heineken headquarters reports paying 9 . SiRCHESI estimates that 71 US dollar monthly is still less than half of what would be enough to provide for them and their family dependents. This situation of underpayment –first reported to Heineken executives in 2002 and unchanged ever since- puts terrible pressures on the women to support their families and to make ends meet, compelling some to sell unsafe sex to customers in desperation to supplement insufficient income. In general it is difficult for Heineken beer sellers to know to what benefits and bonuses they are entitled because Heineken is failing to provide beer sellers copies of their work contracts specifying working conditions, benefits such as severance pay and maternity leave, and exact earnings– all, transparently. In 2008, no beer seller could show SiRCHESI a copy of their signed contract. Several Heineken beer sellers said they did have signed contracts but that these contracts had gone to the distributors’ Head Quarters in Cambodia. In 2008 SiRCHESI asked the distributor and BSIC for copies of these contracts they but were told they were â€Å"proprietary† and could not be disseminated. 6 7 8 9 See for example: â€Å"Ab-Inbev, Carlsberg, Heineken and other international brewers are yet again in 2008-9 behaving badly to women beer sellers in Cambodia†, SiRECHESI, April 2009, http://www. ethicalbeer. com/read/April2009-INFO. df AND â€Å"Professor criticizes international beer companies for not being proactive enough in Cambodia (2008-9) to protect their women beer sellers from hazardous, harmful, and potentially mortal workplace health and safety risks: Citing recent research, he urges company executives, brand consumers and shareholders to implement immediate changes. †, SiRCHESI, April 2009, http://www. ethicalbeer. com/read/APRIL2009Press-info. pdf This overview builds on SiRCHESI published (see footnote directly above) and unpublished information provided/communicated directly to SOMO by As Tiger Beer seller Sophea wrote to management at Cambodian Breweries Ltd. asking for a salary increase to 100 US dollars monthly: â€Å"Our claim is absolutely justified. The quantity of our sales increased, and the price of beer increased too†¦. Now it {Tiger Beer} is sold for 2. 90 US dollars. â€Å" (Cambodge Soir, 18-25 June, 2008). â€Å"Biermeisjes bezorgen Heineken hoofdpijn,† Financiel e Telegraaf (p. 27) 10 mei 2008 4 Heineken Overview of controversial business practices in 2008 Workplace health and safety issues Heineken’s HIV/AIDS policy of 2002 has promised coverage to all its workers world-wide 10 . However the company and partner brands are still not providing free HAART (highly active anti-retroviral therapy) for their HIV positive beer sellers as they do for their personnel in Africa. What compounds the situation is that most beer-sellers are currently excluded from Government ARVT (anti-retroviral therapy) programs due to Cambodia and the Global Fund’s inability to implement access in 2008-9 for all persons living with HIV. Simple factors such as lack of daily transportation to a distribution site mean that many beer-sellers cannot receive ARVT. In Africa Heineken has solved this problem through workplace distribution of HAART. Heineken is also not providing enough effective workplace health and safety education about HIV/AIDS, reproductive health and alcohol risks before employment begins. Although Heineken proactively developed the Selling Beer Safely (SBS) Program in 2003 it has not been offered to every employee; moreover, the number of beneficiaries of SBS is declining markedly. Of 224 Heineken family sellers in the SiRCHESI research sample of 2004 to 2009, 31. 2 percent had received no health training at the time of the interview. It should be mentioned that this is better than the industry average of 43. 3 percent that received no health and safety training about being a beer seller. In 2004, 22 percent of Heineken or Tiger beer sellers had received SBS training. However in 2008 this share had declined to 4. 7 percent. However, when SiRCHESI asked whether they had received either the SBS or any other in-house training program 11 , BSIC beer sellers did modestly better: 27. 8 percent reported in-house training, while only 8. 3 percent non-BSIC sellers reported in-house training. But the most serious criticism is the procrastination in supplying this education. Of 224 Heineken family beer sellers interviewed, 16 (7. 1 percent) received training before they started, and a further 6 (2. 7 percent) received it on the first day. 80/224 or 35. 7 percent had received it in the next 6 months, while the remainder had training in the next 18 months or not at all (122 or 54. 5 percent). Hence only 9. 8 percent had been given some early-warning training – before or on the first day of work- about the risks and harm possible for beer-sellers themselves, damage to the fetus during pregnancy, or contraction of HIV/AIDS or a sexually transmitted infection (STI). Although the BSIC COC which Heineken claims to uphold explicitly forbids workplace drinking of alcohol, SiRCHESI found that only 6% of Heineken (7. 6% of BSIC brands) beer sellers were in fact abstaining in 2008. For those who continue to drink, the mean alcohol consumed nightly by BSIC sellers in 2008 was 1. 48 litres nightly or 6 standard drinks (N=103), while 1. 53 litres (7 standard drinks) were consumed nightly by Heineken beer family servers (N=89). All of these levels are well above levels of national guidelines for responsible drinking as set for women by 23 countries surveyed by the International Center For Alcohol Policies (ICAP) 12 including the Netherlands. This means that these women have an increased risk for physical (raised blood pressure, stroke, and liver cirrhosis), mental, and social problems associated with alcohol abuse. While (excessive) workplace drinking continues to be a critical issue in Cambodia it has been observed by SiRCHESI to no longer exist in nearby Singapore. 10 11 12 â€Å"Heineken’s HIV/AIDS Policy – contribution of a private company,† HEINEKEN COR P. COMMUNICATION ~ 02 92857455 NO. 023, by Heineken International, 18 April 2002 (at http://fairtradebeer. com/reportfiles/heinekenaidspolicy2002. pdf) SiRCHESI: â€Å"other in house-training† are mostly shorter than the 3 day SBS training some just get 1-2 hours – the â€Å"refresher courses† International Center For Alcohol Policies (ICAP) in International Drinking Guidelines Reports 14 How to cite Heineken in Cambodia, Papers

The Synthesis of Zinc Iodide (ZnI2) an Example of the Topic Science and Technology Essays by

The Synthesis of Zinc Iodide (ZnI2) Zinc iodide, ZnI2, is a while (hydrated) or yellow (dry), granular, odorless, hygroscopic (absorbs water in the atmosphere) solid compound that is soluble in water (1g:0.3 mL water). It turns to brown when exposed to heat or sunlight, showing decomposition with release of iodine gas (DeMeo, 1995, p. 836). It is extensively used in the laboratory to illustrate the Law of Definite Proportions and Law of Conservation of Mass, two of which are the foundations of chemical reactions and basis of stoichiometry. Need essay sample on "The Synthesis of Zinc Iodide (ZnI2)" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed Students Very Often Tell EssayLab professionals: I need to write a 500 word government and law essays. But I don't have the time EssayLab writers recommend: Buy An Essay Which Will Lead You To Your Academic Success Custom Papers OnlinePaying For PapersCoursework Writing Service A balanced chemical equation best describes how many atoms, molecules, or charged species come in contact to produce certain product, but does not illustrate the mechanism of the reactions. Reactant are driven by e.g. exposure to heat, air, or by just mixing them up, etc. to proceed reaction. The amount of product formed is based on the quantity of the reactants and how well the reaction was taken out. One of the reactants can be the limiting reactant, which is consumed in the course of the reaction, and the other one is the excess. Reactants are of known initial quantity and measured for the change in amount after a successful reaction has been performed. The masses of the reacted species are relative amounts required for complete reaction met. The chemical or physical properties of the reactants should no longer be observed in the product, which can be further verified by physical, chemical and electrochemical tests. 0.5g sample of iodine (I2), 2mL H2O and four drops of CH3COOH were mixed in a large, clean test tube. H2O was added for the immediate addition of the same mass of the Zn metal, whereas CH3COOH (a weak acid) was used to prevent the formation of Zn(OH)2. ZnI2 reacts with H2O via a double displacement reaction mechanism (Demeo, 2003, p.797): ZnI2(aq) + 2H20(l) -> Zn(OH)2(s) + 2H3O+(aq)+ 2I-(aq) Careful weighing of the reactants was done to avoid errors. The mass of the Zn weighed before the reaction was above 0.5g, which is 0.510g. Observed in the reaction mixture upon agitation was the gradual loss of color of iodine (reddish-brown) as the reaction progressed. Since the Zn metal was used as the excess reagent, iodine was expected to be totally used up in the reaction. To obtain the un-reacted Zn metal, a gravity filtration was performed. Quantitative transfer was employed by washing with very minimal amount of water to facilitate faster evaporation as the dry, un-reacted Zn was weighed in a watch glass later on in the procedure. It was noted that all the washings should also be quantitatively obtained since there were dissolved Zn species in it. The amount of Zn left was measured to be 0.348 g, giving the amount of Zn consumed to be 0.162g. On the other hand, the amount of I2 consumed was 0.503g. These values were used in the determination of mole equivalents and the mole ratio as shown in the computations in the results portion. ZnI2 was recovered through medium heat evaporation which prevented losses due to splattering as excessive heat is applied. Cooling down the weighing vessels was first done to avoid also the lowering of the mass to be measured as the air below the weighing vessel may push it upwards because heat can push the air up. The moles of Zn and I2 were used in the computation of the theoretical yield. The percent yields from Zn and I2 were found to be 39.8% and 47.2% respectively. A positive error that was also avoided was the entrapment of water during evaporation. It might seem confusing but as crystallization happens during the evaporation, water may be trapped underneath the bulk of the ZnI2 crystals. It was also confirmed that dehydration has properly taken place by heating back the crystals and checking if the weight has lowered. Although the crystals may look dry, water of hydration may still be present, making the species be called hydrates (salts with water molecules in their crystalline structure). A chemical equation that can be proposed based on the experimental results would be: Zn(s) + I2(s) - Znl2(s) Since both used approximately 0.002 moles each, which would give a ratio of 1:1, thus we can write the balanced equation as such. An error that cannot be avoided in the experiment was the absence of the previous knowledge on the quality of reactants that may affect its reactivity. Factor such as contamination may lead to the wrong computation of the theoretical yield. Also, while weighing the I2 crystals, a negative error might occur because the I2 crystals sublime, making the amount of the limiting reactant less than what was weighed, since the some of the crystals have already been converted to gas. References DeMeo, S. (1995). Synthesis and Decomposition of Zinc Iodide: Model Reactions for Investigating Chemical Change in the Introductory Laboratory. J. Chem Educ., 72(9), 836. Demeo, S. (2003). Synthesis and Decomposition of Zinc Iodide Revisited. J. Chem Educ., 80(7), 796.

THEODORE ROOSEVELT (1858-1919) Essays - Cowboys, Theodore Roosevelt

THEODORE ROOSEVELT (1858-1919) Essays - Cowboys, Theodore Roosevelt THEODORE ROOSEVELT (1858-1919) Theodore Roosevelt was one of the most successful presidents in American history. He was fun to hang around with. He had a screeching voice that sometimes scared people who did not expect it coming from a man like himself. He told jokes and played with children. He loved children. He told ghost stories that would scare the little children to death. However, he had another side to him. When it was not time for fun and games anymore, he meant it and he did his job well. He took great pride in the United States. He wanted the best for his country and therefore he served his country to the very best of his ability. Roosevelt had a poor health when he was young. His asthma was especially bad. Whenever his asthma acted up on him, his caring father would take young Roosevelt out on the wagon and ride around until he got better. This is where Roosevelt gained his love for nature. He enjoyed being outside. He loved the tranquility of the forest, the animals, the water and such. A particular favorite of his was the bird. He loved the birds. He soon got into studying taxonomy and excelled in it. Roosevelt overcame his poor with many activities as he grew older. He did wrestling, riding, hunting, and swimming. Boxing was one of his favorites sports. He even managed to permanently injure one of his eyes during a boxing match. Roosevelt liked to take initiative. Therefore when he became impatient about not being able to get into any military action he resigned his Navy post in May 1898 to serve as lieutenant colonel under Wood. Roosevelt gathered himself a handful of volunteers and created what we as the Rough Riders. The Rough Riders became famous after Roosevelt ordered them to charge Sanuan Hill. They did so successfully and Roosevelt came back from battle a legend and thus beginning

What Is Pozole How to Make Delicious Mexican Corn Soup

What Is Pozole How to Make Delicious Mexican Corn Soup SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Have you heard people discuss the deliciousness of pozole and you were confused because you didn't know what they were talking about? Have you eaten pozole, and now you need to know how to make it? Well, you're in luck. I'm going to educate you on all things pozole. By the end of this article, you'll know about the origins of pozole, how it's made, and you'll be able to prepare all the major types of this traditional Mexican stew. What Is Pozole? Pozole, AKAposole orpozolà ©, is a traditional Mexican soup. Because making it is labor-intensive and time-consuming, it’s often a treat for special occasions. Those who grew up with pozole associate it with family and festivities. I may be biased because I love it, but if you haven’t tried pozole, you need to ASAP. It’s rare to find somebody who’s tried pozole who doesn’t like it. Pozole comes from the Nahuatl word â€Å"pozilli,† meaning â€Å"foam.† Nahuatl was the language of the Aztecs, anindigenous people of modern-day Mexico. Pozole is made with hominy, which is processed corn with the germ removed, and meat, traditionally pork. It’s also often made with chicken, especially for those who don’t eat pork. The stew is seasoned with a combination of spices, and it’s typically topped with garnishes like radishes, avocados and lime juice. Here’s a pic of hominy. It looks like puffed-up corn kernels. You can buy dried hominy or make your own hominy from corn, but it’s easiest to buy canned hominy. All you have to do to make pozole from canned hominy is drain and rinse the hominy from the can. Then, it’s ready to cook. The History of Pozole Pozole originated with the Aztecs and other indigenous tribes in Mesoamerica. Historical texts state that the pozole of the Natives was made with sacrificed human flesh, and it was eaten on special occasions. Yummy. After the Spanish arrived and cannibalism was banned, the human flesh was replaced with pork. There is some speculation that the Aztecs opted to use pork because it tastes like human meat. I guess that means I’d regrettably find cannibalism delicious. Today, pozole is still a very common food for Mexicansto eat on special occasions, like weddings, quinceaà ±eras (special celebrations for girls’ 15th birthdays), birthdays, baptisms, and holidays. The Different Types of Pozole There are different variations of pozole associated with different regions of Mexico. These are the three major types of pozole: pozole rojo (red pozole), pozole verde (green pozole), and pozole blanco (white pozole). In my experience, red pozoles seem to be the most common, but one of the best meals I’ve ever had was a green pozole. Here’s how the different colors of pozole look. PozoleBlanco: Basic PozoleWithout Salsa PozoleRojo: PozoleWith a Red Salsa PozoleVerde: PozoleWith a Green Salsa Primarily, the difference in color in the salsas comes from the red chiles in pozole rojo and the green tomatillos in pozole verde. Also, instead of pork, you can make a pozole with chicken or goat. In Mexico, pozole is traditionally made with pig’s head, but because it’s a little harder to find pig’s head to purchase in the US, you can stick with pork shoulder or pork butt. However, if you’re feeling a little adventurous and can find a place that sells pig’s head, go for the glory. How to Make Pozole There are a number of ways to make pozole, but generally it consists of hominy, spices, pork or chicken, and vegetables. Depending on how you make it and the ingredients you use, it can take up to two days to prepare, but you can also make it in less than an hour. I’ll go through one complete pozole recipe and then provide information about how to make the major types of pozole. You can make slight alterations to pozole recipes based on your available ingredients and equipment. Also, you can change the amount or type of ingredients to suit your taste preferences. Chicken Pozole Blanco This is a white pozole recipe made with chicken. The white pozole is the easiest of the major types of pozole to make. I found this recipe on Simply Recipes. It’s intended to serve 6 people; adjust the amounts accordingly. The garnishes are just for extra flavor, so you only need to use those that you have and like. In most of the pozoles I’ve had, radishes, lime, and avocados are almost always included as garnishes. Ingredients for pozole 1 Whole chicken- 4 1/2-5 1/2 pounds cut into parts (but still on the bone) Salt 1 red onion sliced in half 1 large 6 lb. 9 oz. can of hominy, drained and rinsed 4 large cloves of peeled garlic 1-2 tablespoons of dried oregano (preferably Mexican oregano) Ingredients for Garnishes 1/4 whole cabbage thinly sliced 1 tomato, cored and chopped 1 avocado, peeled and chopped 1 red onion, peeled and chopped 1 large bunch cilantro, chopped 1 large bunch watercress, chopped Mexican cheese (queso fresco), sliced 4 red radishes, thinly sliced 2 limes cut into wedges Chopped seeded jalapeno or serrano chiles (you can substitute other chile peppers) Tostadas, tortillas, or tortilla chips Instructions First, put the pieces of chicken, still on the bone, in a large pot with roughly 3 quarts of water. Add the two half onions and a teaspoon of salt. Bring the water to a boil, and then reduce the heat to a simmer. Simmer uncovered for approximately 20-30 minutes, or until the chicken is tender and fully cooked. Remove the chicken from the pot and let it cool until you can handle it without burning your hands. Use a fork to pull the chicken meat from the bones. Set the chicken aside and put the bones back in the pot. Simmer the bones uncovered for another half hour. While the broth and bones are simmering, put about half the can of hominy into a blender. Add two cups of stock from the pot into the blender. Then add the garlic cloves. Make sure the top is fully secured on the blender, and then blend until everything is fully blended. After the 30 minutes of additional simmering has elapsed, skim the foam and excess fat from the surface of the stock. Just use a large ladle to scoop it out. Remove the bones and any other solids from the pot. Pour in the hominy blend. Add the remaining unblended hominy and the oregano Simmer for an additional 20 minutes. During this last period of cooking, you can prepare the garnishes. Normally, the garnishes are put into individual bowls, so people can choose what and how much to add. Before serving, shred or chop the cooked chicken meat and add it back to the pot. If you like a little extra salt, add it to your taste preference. Then serve your pozole in individual bowls with a side of tortillas, tostadas, or tortilla chips. Add your garnishes to your bowl of pozole as you wish. Dig in! Chicken pozole blanco with garnishes on the side Pork Pozole Blanco If you want to make a pork pozole blanco instead, you can follow the same exact recipe except with 1  ½ -2 pounds of pork shoulder or roast instead of chicken. Pozole Rojo To turn this white pozole into a red pozole, you just have to add in a red chile purà ©e when you add the hominy blend and unblended hominy. Here’s how to make a red chile salsa for your pozole rojo. I got this recipe from Leite’s Culinaria, which adapted it from Pati’s Mexican Table. Ingredients 2 dried ancho chiles, rinsed, stemmed, and seeded 3 dried guajillo chiles, rinsed, stemmed, and seeded 1/4 cup of chopped white onion 3 chopped garlic cloves A pinch of ground cumin 2 whole cloves 1 teaspoon kosher or coarse sea salt, or to taste 3 tablespoons of vegetable oil Instructions Put the ancho and guajillo chiles in a medium saucepan. Add just enough water to barely cover them and bring to a boil over medium-high heat. Simmer for about 10 minutes, until the chiles are softened and rehydrated. Put the chiles and  ¾ of a cup of their soaking liquid in a blender or food processor with the onion, garlic, cumin, cloves and salt. Blend until the mixture is smooth. Pour the purà ©e through a strainer and into a bowl. Press on the solids with the back of a wooden spoon to get out as much of the liquids as possible. You can discard the solids. Heat the oil in a medium saucepan over medium heat until hot but not smoking. Add the chile purà ©e and bring to a boil. Then, partially cover the pan and simmer. Stir occasionally, for roughly 6 to 8 minutes, until the purà ©e is thickened. Finally, remove the chile purà ©e from the heat, and it’s ready to be added to your pozole. Pozole Verde The green sauce for the pozole verde is added at the same time as the red sauce for pozole rojo. Again, add the green salsa when you add the hominy blend and unblended hominy. This recipe comes from recipe.com. Ingredients 1 lb. of green tomatillos, husked and halved 1 small onion, quartered 2 poblano chiles, cored, seeded, and quartered 2 jalapenos, seeded and quartered 4 large garlic cloves, smashed  ½ cup chopped cilantro 1 tablespoon oregano leaves Salt and ground black pepper 1 tablespoon of vegetable oil Instructions Put the tomatillo, onion, poblanos, jalapenos, garlic, cilantro, and oregano in a blender. Pulse until it’s finely chopped, and then add one cup of the pozole cooking liquid (the liquid from your unfinished pot of pozole). Blend until it’s smooth. You can use a strainer to ensure smoothness. Season the purà ©e with salt and pepper, so it’s to your liking. Then, in a large, deep skillet, heat the vegetable oil. Add the purà ©e, and cook it over medium heat. Stir it occassionally Cook it for about 12 minutes, until the sauce turns a deep green. Then, it’s done and ready to be added to your cooking liquid. Ta-da! 6 Other Ways to Make Pozole As I previously mentioned, there are tons of slight variations in pozole recipes. The recipes differ in the ingredients and how the pozole is prepared. Here are a few other examples of how you can make pozole. I'm giving you multiple options, so you can be more familiar with the different varieties and find the recipe that will work best for you. Traditional Pozole Here’s an extremely traditional pozole rojo recipe with pig head. And it provides instructions for making your own hominy from corn. Old school Mexicans believe that making your own hominy instead of using the canned hominy makes the pozole taste better. Also, in this recipe, the meat and bones are left in the pot throughout the cooking process. Pozole With Dried Hominy Additionally, you can make pozole with dried hominy that you prepare by soaking overnight in cold water before cooking. Here’s a pork red pozole recipe from The New York Times with dried hominy. Bags of dried hominy Vegetarian Pozole If you don’t eat meat, you can also make a vegetarian pozole with hominy, aromatics, vegetables, and spices. Check out this vegetarian red pozole recipe that incorporates dried hominy. Pozole With Chicken and Pork If you’re a fan of meat, you can make a pozole with both chicken and pork. Just cut the amounts of chicken and pork in half. To serve 6, you’d need about 2  ½ pounds of chicken and a pound of pork. Or you can use 5 pounds of chicken and 2 pounds of pork to make a pozole with double the meat. Easy-to-Make Pozole There are variations of pozole that are super easy to make. You can substantially cut down on the time it takes to make pozole by using canned hominy and chicken that’s already cooked. Additionally, for your sauces, instead of making them by scratch, you can use canned green chiles for pozole verde and canned salsa to make pozole rojo. Here’s a 20-minute recipe for chicken pozole verde. While this type of pozole can taste good, it probably won't be nearly as delicious as pozoles that require more cooking. You probably shouldn't serve an easy to make pozole to a traditional Mexican. Different Spices and Chile Peppers Each pozole recipe will somewhat vary in the amount and type of spices used to season the pozole. Most call for garlic, cumin, oregano, salt, and pepper. A couple of changes you can make include using garlic powder instead of garlic cloves, and you can add paprika for a little extra kick. Furthermore, you can leave out any of the spices if you don’t like them. There are enough flavorful ingredients in pozole that you shouldn’t have to worry about your pozole being bland, especially if you’re making pozole verde or pozole rojo. Additionally, you can change the chile peppers in your red sauce or green sauce to alter the spice content. Traditionally, the red pozole sauce calls for ancho and guajillo peppers. For a less spicy sauce, you can use cubanelle peppers or anaheim peppers. If you want to go more spicy, you can use puya peppers or morita chili peppers. The green sauce tends to use poblano peppers and jalapeà ±os with the tomatillo. You can use fewer peppers if you want to decrease the spice level, or you can use a Sonora chili pepper. Keep in mind that when added to the pozole, the green sauce in pozole verde is pretty mild. To make it spicier, I would suggest adding additional jalapeà ±os. Jalapeà ±o peppers! The red ones are ripe. Pozole Garnishes As I mentioned previously, you add the garnishes to your individual bowl of pozole after the pozole is done. The garnishes add more flavor, and it’s entirely up to you how to garnish your pozole. These are the most common garnish options: Radishes Lime juice Avocados Cabbage Lettuce Cheese (Normally queso fresco) Tortilla strips Tostadas (on the side) Tortillas (on the side) Chopped onion Cilantro Jalapeà ±o Hot sauce Scallions Sour cream All you have to do is add any of these ingredients that you like to your bowl of pozole to maximize your pozole experience. If you're preparing pozole for multiple people, you can serve garnishes in individual bowls and let your guests decide what they want to put in their pozole. Now that you know what pozole is and how to make it, you should whip up a batch and find out how it tastes. You can thank me later.

The war Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The war - Essay Example The period between the first gulf war in 1990s and the second in early 2000 has witnessed many changes in the military. The changes include application of more advanced technology and overhaul of tactical approaches, transformations that have achieved mixed results. This paper discusses the benefits and drawbacks of applying United States’ advanced military technology in Iraq and Afghanistan. The war in Afghanistan is one of the major United States military offensives aimed at destroying the terrorists’ hideouts that had inflicted heavy damages on American interest around the globe. Iraq war was launched to overthrow the regime of Saddam Hussein accused by the government of possessing weapons of mass destruction with intention of using them to spread terror. Both wars were executed with highly sophisticated weapons that allowed the United States forces to demolish the enemy defenses with high precision aerial weaponry and at unprecedented rate. The quick demolition and annihilation of strategic enemy areas enabled subsequent entrance of the ground forces into the countries to finish off the remaining resistance (DOD, 2007). According to Anne(2004,p15), the execution of both wars heralded a new era of military tactics, which heavily relied on technologically enhanced devices in carrying out of both aerial and ground combat. This strategy was more precise, faster, and resulted to lower number of military and civilian casualties. DOD (2007) noted that the war strategy in both wars was culmination of coordination high technology military hardware with enhanced communication devices that enabled them to strike with pinpoint precision. The war in Afghanistan witnessed the first application of robots that were used to carry out surveillance, clearance of mines, identification of targets and rescuing soldiers. The robots included Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) that undertook the aforementioned tasks without carrying human operator in them (David, 2005, p2 7). These robots helped in protecting soldiers from enemy attacks. According to David (2005, p 28), advanced technology has produced better robots that are equipped with high precision equipment and artillery to strike detected target. The 2003 war in Iraq saw a combination of precision weapons, exemplary surveillance of the targeted enemy grounds, and swift ground combatants aided by highly advanced communication network that enabled monitoring of distant operations from a remote region (DOD, 2007). Though the application of advanced military technology enabled quicker executions of the mission, the war has dragged on for many years, resulting to heavy economic and human loss. According to DOD (2007), the number of United States troops killed in both Iraq and Afghanistan exceeds those killed in actual combat at the beginning of the war. Anne (2004, p31) notes that threat of improvised explosive devices or roadside bombs continue inflicting damage on American forces. According to DO D (2007), the explosive devices have killed over 2000 American soldiers in Iraq, while more than 21,000 have suffered debilitating injuries that have effectively compromised their physical and psychological performance for life. In Afghanistan, the improvised explosive devices have claimed lives of over 250 American soldiers, with over 1,700 suffering serious injuries (DOD, 2007). Anne (2004, p21) notes that the explosive devices are the highest killer of the Allied forces in both countries and they have greatly undermined the efforts achieved the application of the advanced military technology. However, continuous innovation in the American military has produced mine- resistant ambush –protected all terrain vehicle(M-ATV) that offers better protection from roadside bombs than the heavier mine- resistant- ambush-

Business Proposal Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Business Proposal - Case Study Example The trust that has been created at various departments of the company has helped Tata to establish several institutes like Indian Institute of Science, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research and Tata Institute of Social Sciences among others. The employee welfare aspect of Tata is so strong that it had created various facilities for their employees. The employees have to work 8-hours during the day; provident fund and maternity leave are a few of the facilities that are provided to the employees of Tata Group. In the year 2010-2011, Tata Group had contributed around US$170 million towards the upliftment of social causes (Tata Sons Ltd, 2012). The main objective of the paper is to develop a comprehensive understanding of the leadership strategies implemented by Tata Group to facilitate its business in India and all around the world. Based on the analysis, business proposal will be presented to the company which can enable it to gain further benefits and ensure sustainability. Role of the Leader in Initiating and Managing Change Leadership in any organization plays a vital role to take it to newer heights. Similar scenario can be observed in case of Tata Group as well. It is recognized to transform its operations in recent years for initially operating as a slow-moving giant which is risk-averse to a conglomerate which is dynamic and aggressive in its decision making. In this turn-around of approach, the leadership standpoint of Mr. Ratan Tata, the Chairman of Tata Group has been a major factor. He has taken certain remarkable initiatives that have led the organization to attain major growth and distinction. Thus, Mr. Ratan Tata, as a pioneering and diligent leader can be largely attributed to the ensuing growth of Tata Group (Prasad, Govind, & Sesha, 2008). The leaders of Tata have set up various strategies in order to get through the diverse competitive situations that took place at the organization. The leaders at Tata under the guidance of Ratan Tata have an immense sense towards directing the company at different directions depending on the demand of the company. The leaders of the company provide utmost significance to the employees of the organization and they gain a lot of importance in the company. The company shares five important principles like excellence, understanding, integrity, responsibility and unity (Prasad, Govind, & Sesha, 2008). The leaders of Tata utilize all the five principles to overcome all the changes that take place in the company. Tata Group has set up cost leadership approach for further expansion of the organization. The leaders had analyzed the position of Tata through the business model of the organization. The Tata Business Excellence Model (TBEM) has been the major driving force behind the transformation which has taken place in the organization. This business model has facilitated the company to ensure that business objectives of the company are attained keeping in consideration the due significance of r endering quality to the consumers (Prasad, Govind, & Sesha, 2008). The leaders at Tata finally decided that if the products of the company become more standardized then the cost of those products can be reduced quite easily. This strategy helped the company to develop a steel industry at Jamshedpur. Moreover, it has been viewed that the leaders at Tata has gained success

Evaluation of brand management at Odeon cinema

Evaluation of brand management at Odeon cinema Brand management module has been a crucial part of my masters program, me along with my group members worked really hard in accomplishing this task. All the four group members are really cooperative and every individual contributed considerably in writing the group report. Our group report is all about defining the various branding aspects such as brand image, brand positioning and brand effectiveness. We have chosen three brands which are related to entertainment industry such as Odeon cinemas, Cineworld cinemas and Vue cinema which are well known and most influencing market players in United Kingdom entertainment sector. I would like to thank university management for giving access to international databases such as EMERALD and EBSCO as I have used few journals and articles related to Brand and Branding concepts from these databases. Each individual of the group worked extensively on gathering the information and writing the report without plagiarism. We have taken all necessary st eps in order to avoid plagiarism. I have gathered information related Odeon cinemas and compared with other two cinema brands namely Cineworld and Vue cinemas. I worked extensively on Odeon cinemas website and recent interim report in order to find its rank and market share details. Introduction: Brand is a name, term, sign, symbol or design or a combination of them, intended to define the goods or services of one seller or group of sellers and to differentiate them from those of competitors. In the present day competitive business scenarios the concept of branding product or services is important and properly built brands lasts long in market. Companies invests huge amount in building brands and maintaining brand image as it plays vital in making businesses successful. Branding helps the organization to gain competitive advantage for their products/services in markets. Odeon cinemas and Branding: Odeon has evolved as a market leader in entertainment industry of United Kingdom and it has been leading the market since decades. Being a prominent market player Odeon is one among the largest cinema chains of UK. Decades experience in entertaining UK audiences made Odeon cinemas to capture more market share and today it is entertaining more people when compared to other entertainment companies such as Cineworld and Vue cinemas. Odeon sells one third of tickets sold in UK which shows that Odeon is the most influencing cinema company in the market. Odeon cinemas was founded by Oscar Deutsch in 1930 which was later acquired by J Arthur Rank 1941 who was fond of film distribution and production. The Rank organizations lead Odeon cinemas for further 58 years. Brand Slogan: Odeon Cinemas Fanatical about Film Brand Image: Brand image is the current view of the customers about a brand. It can be better defined as unique group of associations in target customers mind about a particular brand. It is an impression on companys product/services in customers minds. Brand image can be further reinforced by enhanced brand communication activities such as promotional tools, advertising, publicity through word of mouth and packaging. Brand image promotes the service/products differently from competitors. After extensive re-branding campaign in 1998, Odeon has evolved as strong brand in UK. Re-branding process enhanced the existing brand image of Odeon making it market leader. Odeon with brand slogan Fanatical about film has reached more number of customers than earlier and provided UK audience with outstanding services. Brand position: Brand positioning refers to target consumers reason to buy your brand in preference to others. Brand positioning should take various aspects in to consideration and it is necessary that the brand should be unique and distinctive when compared to competitors. Is the brand suitable to all major geographic markets. Odeon has entered other markets in Europe and successfully running business operations. Odeon has achieved strategic financial goals and has been performing really well at all locations in UK and Europe. Odeon is sustainably growing and updating itself with changing technologies in order to give optimized customer satisfaction. Odeon is well known and occupied position in worlds most influencing cinema chains and it is considered to be largest in Europe. Odeon under Terra group has undergone considerable changes and the Terra group successfully transformed 350 screens in to 3D during the first quarter of the financial year 2010. Brand Effectiveness: More recently the Odeon cinema was acquired by Terra firm which is a private equity firm on September 2004 and also it also acquired United cinema International in October 2004, Now Odeon cinema group is looking ahead to enhance their market share and expecting positive growth which ensures to continue its unique position in cinema industry of United Kingdom. Odeon cinema has been unique in its style and always gave tough competition to other key market players of United Kingdom Cinema industry. Branding Slogans Odeon Cinemas- Fanatical about Film Cineworld Cinemas- Leading the way in digital and 3D cinema Vue Cinemas- The ultimate cinema experience References: Definition of Branding-03, Nov, 2010- http://0-web.ebscohost.com.brum.beds.ac.uk/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=1hid=109sid=c1be809a-db3a-46fe-b3ff-02e29105dda2%40sessionmgr111 Introduction to Brand management- 03, Nov, 2010- http://0-web.ebscohost.com.brum.beds.ac.uk/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=1hid=109sid=458837c7-8692-4ec9-b8b7-b5fc274daf69%40sessionmgr112 http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/brand-image.html http://www.iabuk.net/richmediaroadshow/media/pdfs/6_Measuringbrand.pdf http://www.screendigest.com/news/vue-cinemas-switches-ads-to-rivals-dcm/view.html http://www.myvue.com/about_ustxt.asp?SessionID= http://www.myvue.com/corporate/index.asp?SessionID=cn=1ci=39ln=1ic=1 http://www.cineworldplc.com/strategy http://www.myvue.com/corporate/news.asp?sb=1SessionID=cn=1ln=1intThisPageStructureID=10809 http://www.managementstudyguide.com/brand-image.htm Cineworld Group plc Interim Report 2010, Definition of Brand positioning, http://www.va-interactive.com/inbusiness/editorial/sales/ibt/branding.html http://www.myvue.com/corporate/vuecompany.asp?sb=1SessionID=cn=1ln=1intThisPageStructureID=111 Paul Marsden, (2002), Brand positioning: memes the word,307-312 Ries, A. and Trout, J. (1982), positioning: The Battle for Your Mind, Warner Books, New York, NY. Strategic Brand Management by Kevin Lane Keller, second edition. http://www.brand-image.com (function() { var scribd = document.createElement("script"); scribd.type = "text/javascript"; scribd.async = true; scribd.src = "https://www.scribd.com/javascripts/embed_code/inject.js"; var s = document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(scribd, s); })() http://www.tut.fi/units/tuta/tita/2006-2007/TITA-2300/Allegretti_Brand.pdf Yamen Koubaa,(2007),Country of origin, brand image perception, and brand image structure, University of Marketing and Distribution Sciences, Kobe, Japan. Erickson, G.A, Johansson, J.K. and Chao, P. (1984), Image variables in multi-attribute product evaluations; country of origin effects, Journal of Consumer Research, Vol. 10 No. 2.

Personal Model of Helping

I take pride in everything that I do and strive to give my all to the people who need my help, and this is the basis of my personal model of helping. I cannot give someone only part of my effort because the individual may not take me serious and not be able to use the help that I am offering. My goal in offering this help is to assist them in overcoming any negative situation they are trying to get out of. People reach out for help and when they do so they want the best help that they can find because they can seek a positive resolution. I know that circumstances in life can take a toll on a person, and these circumstances cause them to be in the situation that they are seeking help for but to change their behavior and improve themselves they need to give 100% as well as the people who are offering help to them. How and why and you formed this viewpoint This viewpoint was formed because there are individuals who seek help from professional counselors every day because they believe that these professionals can get them back of track with their lifestyle and overcome the struggles of hardship they have been facing. If this individual does not believe that the help they are getting from the professional is successful than it would seem that either the professional or the individual seeking help is not giving 100% effort on their part in order to get positive results. There are many different reasons an individual seeks therapy; it can be gambling problems, drug or alcohol addiction, abuse, health issues, family issues, or even death of a family member. A professional counselor needs to be prepared for any reason that a client may seek help from them and be ready and willing to offer them appropriate help of treatment. View of helping My view of helping is a result of a person taking pride in their profession of helping others and them going the extra mile and giving the effort necessary to make sure the client is on the right path for a positive resolution. People do not appreciate being judged by others and believe that many cannot relate to their situation because they do not understand the lifestyle and hare life they have experiences to this point. It is difficult for these individuals to admit they need professional help, and then to seek that help from a stranger who may judge them or the situation that he or she is in. The relationship between the clinician and the participant The relationship between the clinician and the participant should be welcoming and inviting to prepare for the session and to open lines of communication. When individuals talk to others that they do not know personally they have to gain a level of comfort so that they can open up and discuss personal matters that are causing their issues. I can relate to a client’s story by listening to them on a personal level and then sharing my experiences once they have built a rapport with me and show interest in my knowledge. Many views that individuals have of counselors or therapists is that they live a happy and worry free lifestyle and that he or she may/does not have a personal issues they are struggling with because of their profession; however this is not usually the case and many counselors seek therapy as well. Many professionals have issues and skeletons in their closet that they do not want anyone else to know about, and every person has a story to tell of their experiences in life and it is not fair for the counselor or others to be judged based solely of these experiences or for them seeking help to overcome personal struggles. Technique or approached to change There are many approaches that a counselor can take to change the perceptions a client may have about their lives, and show them another way to view their situation. When clinicians address behavioral issues with their client the techniques come from modeling. An example would be a client who struggles with expressing themselves may benefit from seeing the counselor use beneficial skills they need to acquire by demonstrating them in a role play scenario. It can be beneficial to select a model to assist in any role play scenarios who is similar to the client the counselor is trying to help. Age, gender, ethnicity, and social status should all be taken into consideration (Parrott, 2003). Positive reinforcement is another technique in therapy that is successful because it provides positive rewards or recognition for success or positive actions and behaviors. Relaxation training is another method of therapy that can be successful in treating a variety of disorders when other techniques are proven unsuccessful. Some disorders that can be treated successfully with relaxation therapy are headaches, pain, anxiety, hypertension, and PTSD. The basic idea of relaxation training and therapy is that the tension of muscles exacerbates anxiety and results in the individual feeling less anxious by them learning the knowledge to understand the difference between tense and relaxed muscle groups and the appropriate methods to treatment training (Parrott, 2003). A coherent model that is consistent, shows adequate understanding of the material presented, and reflects the ability to integrate and synthesize the course material Behavioral therapy shows successful results because it uses approaches that focus on certain characteristics of the individual in an attempt to successfully identify the appropriate therapy approach to helping the understand their behaviors and to gain self-control. â€Å"In addition to the rise of behaviorism, experimental research on the psychology of learning also contributed to the development of behavior therapy. This is an approach based on a view known as logical positivism, under which everything that exists is empirically verifiable. From this perspective, if the material universe, understandable only as matter and energy operating according to universal laws, is all that is, then human beings are material beings only and hence explainable by natural laws; In a sense, the experimental method was putting behaviorism’s philosophy into practice† (Parrott p. 271). The kinds of problems that can be addressed with your model The model learning theory can be used to address behavioral therapy approaches and techniques. Counselors are able to use this to observe their clients actions and behaviors to see if these approaches and techniques are successful for certain clients or all clients they are counseling. Cognitive –Emotive Dissonance; This is the most important stage in new learning and is characterized by two important features. : (1) the occurrence when people begin to act and think differently by understanding their new approach and control to their behavioral goals (2) the individual has emotional feelings that are uncomfortable when they start to believe that their actions are incorrect and they are not behaving appropriately. People using describe these feelings that they experience as â€Å"feeling wrong† or â€Å"not feeling right to me. † An example of this that occurs commonly would be while driving in a place you are unfamiliar with, such as an American questioning themselves for driving on the wrong side of the road in Europe. These types of emotions and feelings are unavoidable in experiences associated with psychotherapeutic therapy or any changes made to a person’s habits or accustomed behaviors. This is the stage of maximal therapeutic resistance in psychotherapy. If this approach is poorly handled and not addressed appropriately by the counselor then clients usually become noncompliant and stop attending therapy. Conditioning; this is the process of learning behaviors and the reaction or response to learned actions or familiar stimulus and how this changes and becomes a new behavioral response. There are two types of conditioning: (1) Classical conditioning where the response to certain stimulus is a learned behavior or innate response to a neutral stimulus, such as salivating to smell of something specific. 2) Operant conditioning where the behaviors they are learning are new, and they develop what their responses and reactions will be. Discrimination; The process in which a subject’s reaction are only appropriate to one similar or two different stimuli. Drive; A force that impels and motivates individual or animals to make a certain behavioral response based on the actions that have occurred. In behavioristic terms, drive is often dr iven by physiologic deprivations such a shelter, food, water, or necessities to survive. It also can be a reaction or response as a result of pain or unbearable or unpleasant stimulus (Maultsby & Wirga, 1998). Multicultural Issues Multicultural issues come from the diversity of others seeking help. There are many different reasons in which individuals seek counseling, so with this being said the counselor should be prepared on how to approach any situation they are confronted with by their clients. They need to be well versed in multicultural issues that can influence the approach to therapy uch as cross-cultural counseling where the client and the therapist do not share the same background, values, or lifestyle and these can be obstacles to overcome for any professional. People of cross-cultural differences find it difficult to settle of agreements with certain techniques or approaches to therapy that would be the most successful for the client. Gender issues are something to consider, where a male therapist may not be well versed or experienced in matters of women issu es and it can seem that they are not taking the clients matter serious where a female therapist may be able to relate to what the client is experiencing. Individuals who are disabled may feel singled out by others and isolated from the general population so the therapist needs to research and understand how to appropriately approach a client with this issue. Clients who are religious may not view therapy as a successful tool because of their beliefs. Certain professionals have techniques or therapeutic methods that are successful for many of their clients. The challenge they face is how to handle issues that are spiritual or religious in any way, ensure ethical integrity with the client while still being able to offer a method of treatment that they believe will be successful (Parrott, 2003). Limitations and strengths of the model The limitations of therapy or strengths of the treatment or model of therapy can depend on the clients learning abilities or disabilities, health issues, or cognitive challenges from clients who suffer from mental disorders, PTSD, or anxiety. The population this model can help The behavioral model can help many individuals within the population, and in order for this model to be successful people have to be open to receiving help even if it means putting them in situations that can bring them back to negative situations that are the roots of the individuals issues. The population that is seeking the help could be individuals addicted to drugs who want to get help to overcome and fight their addiction but do not understand the proper approach to overcoming these issues. Prostitutes who want to stop the emotional and physical abuse they are causing to themselves by selling their body for money. Even married couples who are at the end of their relationship but want to try to save what they once had in order to avoid divorce. Other clients who can benefit from this model of therapy ould be clients who suffer from health issues and are trying to understand how to cope with it, parents who are trying to gain control over a rebellious child, or even individuals who suffer from phobias that are interfering with them living a successful life. Original Thinking Individuals have to be open and accepting of therapy for it to be successful, when an individual is open to receiving help and seek a positive resolution to their issues then the counselor can par ticipate in the client’s therapy and give them the necessary steps to take for a successful change. Being an effective counselor means being open to new techniques, ideas, and approached to therapy that could be successful for the client. Each client and every case is different so there are different approaches to take in handling the situation in a professional manner. Conclusion There are many needs for therapy that need a successful approach, and a therapist willing to adapt to the needs of the patient. Utilizing all theories, methods, and techniques available to the therapist will help them have the tools necessary to offer treatment for any issue that their client presents them with. When a therapist is confident in their abilities and can relate to the issues faced by their client then they will have the inside needed to develop a successful approach to treatment and to present their client with a plan that explains their model of helping so that the client can be actively involved in the success of their treatment.ReferencesIndividual Counseling, Life Skills–Behavioral Therapy, and Group Experiences www.lifelongaes.com/services%20and%20fees/counseling.html. Kondrat, A. (2009). Behavioral and Cognitive Approach in Psychology. Retrieved from http://suite101.com/article/behavioral-and-cognitive-approach-in-psychology-a98399 Maultsby, Maxie C. & Wirga, Mariusz. (1998). Behavioral Therapy. Howard University College of Medicine. www.arcobem.com/publications/Beh-Tx.htm. Parrott, L., III. (2003). Counseling and psychotherapy (2nd ed.). Pacific Grove, CA: Thomson/Brooks/Cole. Smith, M.A., M., Segal, M.A., R., & Segal, Ph.D.,

French Pronunciation of the Letter H

The letter H is always silent in French. However, there are two different kinds of Hs: H  muet and H  aspirà ©. The type of H at the beginning of the word lets you know whether to make contractions and pronounce liaisons with that word. To find out whether the H in a particular word is muet or aspirà ©, check a good French dictionary. There will be an asterisk or some other symbol to distinguish the two kinds of Hs. French Words With H Click these links to hear the words pronounced in French:homme  Ã‚  Ã‚  (man)hockey  Ã‚  Ã‚  (hockey)haut  Ã‚  Ã‚  (high)hà ´tel  Ã‚  Ã‚  (hotel)hiver  Ã‚  Ã‚  (winter) Letter Combinations With H (Click for Detailed Lessons) CH H Muet Most French Hs are mute — that is, they are not pronounced and the word acts as if it begins with a vowel. This means that  contractions  and  liaisons  are required. For example,  le   homme  contracts to  lhomme  Ã¢â‚¬â€ you cant say  le  homme.  And  les  hommes  is pronounced with a liaison: [lay zuhm].Here are the most common French words that begin with  H  muet. For nouns, the gender is provided (in parentheses):habile  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  skillfulhabilità ©Ã‚  Ã‚  (f)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  fitnesshabiller  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  to dresshabits  Ã‚  (m)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  clotheshabiter  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  to live inhabitude  Ã‚  (f)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  habithacker  Ã‚  (m)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  hackerHadà ¨s  Ã‚  (m)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hadeshadj  Ã‚  (m)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  hajjhadron  Ã‚  (m)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  hadronhagard  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  distraughtHaà ¯ti  Ã‚  (m)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Haitihaleine  Ã‚  (f)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  breathHalloween  Ã‚  (f)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Halloweenhal luciner  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  to hallucinatehalo-  Ã‚  (prefix)harmonica  Ã‚  (m)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  harmonicaharmonie  Ã‚  (f)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  harmonyharpagon  Ã‚  (m)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  skinflint, ScroogeHawaà ¯Ã‚  Ã‚  (m)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hawaiihebdomadaire  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  weeklyhà ©bergement  Ã‚  (m)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  lodginghà ©berger  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  to househà ©bà ©ter  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  to daze, stupefyhà ©breu  Ã‚  (m)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hebrewhectare  Ã‚  (m)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  hectarehectique  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  hectichà ©donisme  Ã‚  (m)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  hedonismhà ©gà ©monie  Ã‚  (f)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  hegemonyhà ©licoptà ¨re  Ã‚  (m)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  helicopterhà ©lium  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  heliumhà ©lix  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  helixHelsinki  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Helsinkihà ©matome  Ã‚  (m)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  hematomahà ©misphà ¨re  Ã‚  (m)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  hemispherehà ©mophile  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  hemophiliachà ©morragie  Ã‚  (f)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  hemorrhagehà ©morroà ¯de  Ã‚  (f)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  hemorrhoi dhà ©patite  Ã‚  (f)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  hepatitisherbage  Ã‚  (m)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  pastureherbe  Ã‚  (f)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  grasshà ©rà ©dità ©Ã‚  Ã‚  (f)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  heredityhà ©riter  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  to inherithà ©roà ¯ne  Ã‚  (f)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  heroin,  heroineherpà ¨s  Ã‚  (m)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  herpeshà ©siter  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  to hesitatehà ©tà ©rosexuel  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  heterosexuelheure  Ã‚  (f)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  hourheureux  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  happyhexagone  Ã‚  (m)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  hexagonhiberner  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  hibernatehibiscus  Ã‚  (m)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  hibiscushier  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  yesterdayhilare  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  beamingHimalaya  Ã‚  (m)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  the Himalayashindou  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hinduhip-hop  Ã‚  (m)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  hip-hophippodrome  Ã‚  (m)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  racetrackhippopotame  Ã‚  (m)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  hippopotamushirondelle  Ã‚  (f)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  swallowhirsute  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  hairy, shaggyhistoire  Ã‚  (f)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  story, historyhiver  Ã‚  (m)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  winterholo-  Ã‚  (prefix)hologramme  Ã‚  (m)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  hologramhomà ©opathie  Ã‚  (f)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  homeopathyhomicide  Ã‚  (m)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  homicidehommage  Ã‚  (m)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  tributehomme  Ã‚  (m)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  manhomo-  Ã‚  (prefix)honnà ªte  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  honesthonneur  Ã‚  (m)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  honorhonorer  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  to honorhà ´pital  Ã‚  (m)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  hospitalhoraire  Ã‚  (m)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  schedule, timetablehorizon  Ã‚  (m)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  horizonhorloge  Ã‚  (f)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  clockhormone  Ã‚  (f)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  hormonehoroscope  Ã‚  (m)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  horoscopehorreur  Ã‚  (f)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  horrorhorrible  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  horriblehorrifier  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  to horrifyhorticulture  Ã‚  (f)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  horticulturehospitalità ©Ã‚  Ã‚  (f)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  hospitalityhostile  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  hostilehà ´te  Ã‚  (m)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  hosthuile  Ã‚  (f)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  oilhuà ®tre  Ã‚  (f)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  oyster humain  Ã‚  (m)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  humanhumble  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  humblehumeur  Ã‚  (f)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  moodhumide  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  humidhyacinthe  Ã‚  (f)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  hyacinthhybride  Ã‚  (m)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  hybridhydr-  Ã‚  (prefix)hydraulique  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  hydraulichydrogà ¨ne  Ã‚  (m)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  hydrogenhygià ¨ne  Ã‚  (f)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  hygienehyper-  Ã‚  (prefix)hypo-  Ã‚  (prefix)hystà ©rie  Ã‚  (f)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  hysteria H Aspirà © Hs in French words borrowed from other languages are usually aspirate. Though the  H aspirà ©Ã‚  is not pronounced, it acts like a consonant; that is,  contractions  are not permitted with it and  liaisons  are not made in front of it. For example,  le hockey  does not contract to  lhockey  but remains  le hockey. And  les  hà ©ros  (the heroes) is pronounced [lay ay ro]. If you were to pronounce this with a liaison, [lay  zay  ro], you would be saying  les  zà ©ros  (the zeros).Here are the most  common French words  that begin with  H aspirà ©.hà ¢bleur  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  boasterla  hache  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  axehacher  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  to chople  hachisch  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  hashishle haddock  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  haddockla  haie  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  hedgele haà ¯ku  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  haikule  haillon  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  ragla  haine  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  hatredhaà ¯r  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  to hatehaà ¯ssable  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  detestablehalal  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  halalle hà ¢le  Ã ‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  suntanhaleter  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  to pantle hall  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  hallla  halle  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  marketle hallier  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  thicket, brushle halo  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  halola  halte  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  breakle  hamac  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  hammockle hamburger  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  hamburgerle  hameau  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  hamletle hammam  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  hammamla  hampe  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  polele hamster  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  hamsterla  hanche  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  hiple hand-ball  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  handballle handicap  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  handicaple hangar  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  shedhanter  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  to haunthapper  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  to snatch, grabharangue  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  harangueharasser  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  to exhaustharceler  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  to harassla  harde  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  herdharder  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  to leashhardi  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  daringle  hareng  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  herringla  hargne  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  spiteful angerle haricot  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  beanharnacher  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  to harnessle  harpail  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  herdla  harpe  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  harp le  harpon  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  harpoonle  hasard  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  luck, chancela hà ¢te  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  hastehà ¢ter  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  to hastenhaut  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  highla hauteur  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  heightle  havre  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  havenhercher  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  to haulle hà ¨re  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  wretch,  young  stagle hà ©risson  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  hedgehogla  hernie  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  herniale hà ©ron  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  heronle hà ©ros  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  herola herse  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  hearse, harrowle hà ªtre  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  beech treeheurter  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  to strikele hiatus  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  hiatusle  hibou  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  owlle hic  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  snagle hickory  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  hickoryhideux  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  hideousla hià ©rarchie  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  hierarchyle hià ©roglyphe  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  hieroglyphehippie  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  hippiehisser  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  to hoist, heave, haulle hobby  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  hobbyhocher  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  to nodle hockey  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  hockeyla Hollande  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hollandle  homard  Ã‚  Ã ‚  Ã‚  lobsterHong-Kong  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hong Kongla Hongrie  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hungaryla  honte  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  shamele  hoquet  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  hiccuphors  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  outsidela  houe  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  hoela  houille  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  coalla  houle  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  swellhouleux  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  stormyle hooligan  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  hooliganla  houppe  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  tufthouspiller  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  to scoldla  housse  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  coverhousser  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  to coverle  houx  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  hollyle  hublot  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  portholela  huche  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  chest, trunkhuer  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  to boole  huguenot  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Huguenothuit  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  eighthululer  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  to hoothumer  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  to smellhurler  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  to shriek